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Kshetrayya (1600-1680)
Kshetrayya a famous composer and poet of 17th century wrote many padams in Telugu with Sringara Rasa as main theme expressing his intense devotion to the Lord Muvva Gopala of his native village Muvva (which also means dancing bell) in Andhra Pradesh.This is known as Madhura Bhakti wherein a devotee identifies himself/herself as the beloved partner of the Lord and the padams are the outpourings of intense love with Lord Krishna.
Kshetrayya 's Padams have a great impact on the dance forms of South India.In the past Devadasis (dancers in the service of God) used to sing and perform these songs in temples but now a days Padams have become an integral part of Classical Dance Performances on stage especially to show the artist's talent in Abhinaya.
Mudra (identity) Muvva Gopala
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enta chakkani - Abhogi - Adi
| P |
enta chakkani vADE nA sAmi veeDenta chakkani vADE || |
What a handsome Lord, What a charming Lord !
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| AP |
inti muvva gOpAluDu santamu nA madiki
santOsamu chEsenE || |
Oh maidens, Gopala, with dancing bells on his feet always delights my
heart. |
| C |
molaka navvula vADE muddu mATala vADE
taLukAru chekku Taddamula vADE
talirAku jigi degaDa dagu mOvi kalavADE || |
His smile is delicate as a sprout. His talk is lovely.
His cheeks have mirror like gloss.
His lips are red like tender leaves. |
| C |
chiruta prAyamu vADE chelu vonda vidiya chan
duru gEru nosala chE merayu vADE
cheraku viltuni ganna doravale nunnADE
merugu chAmana chAya mEnamaruvADE || |
He is young and brilliant. He has eyebrows shaped like the crescent
moon.
He is the father of Manmatha (cupid), who is holding a sugarcane
stalk as bow.
His sky-blue body is shiny and attractive. |
| C |
podalu kentAmara pen podavu padamula vADE
kodama singapu naDumu komaramaru vADE
mada giri kari karamula marapu chEtula vADE
sudati muvva gOpAlu Denta sogasu kala vADE || |
His foot prints are like lotus petals.
His hands hold firmly like the trunk of an elephant
He has waist like a young lion.
He is beautiful and captivating.
Oh maiden with beautiful teeth, how pretty is Gopala, with dancing
bells on his feet. |
inta proddAye - pantuvarALi - tripuTa
| P |
inta proddAye inka vADEmi vachchEni || |
It is very late in the evening. I lost all hopes of Muvva Gopala's
returning.
There is no point in brooding over that, Oh maiden. |
| AP |
chintimpa pani lEdu cheliya muvva gOpAlu
chEri nAtO nEstamu chEsina pApamA
keeravANi rO Ela vEginchE vE neevu
noorina gandha kastoori pAra vEsi pavaLinchu
E ramaNi inTa nunnAdO yoorella mATu maDage || |
Is it a sin to be friendly with me?
Oh my maiden, with the sweet voice of a bird, why don't you tell me?
Throwing away the sandalwood cream and Kasturi perfume (musk), where
did he go?
Is he spending the night with another beautiful woman? The whole town is quiet. |
| C |
bhAsurAngi rO vinave pakshulu modalu gAnu
vasamula chEri tama vanitala gooDe
Asinchina phalinche darudu gAdaTavE nE
chEsina pApamu mevvaru chEsinArE O cheliya || |
Listen, my young lady, all the birds returned to their nests to meet
their spouses.
I must have committed a sin, Oh my friend, all my hopes are getting
belied. |
| C |
pammina vEduka tOnu paDa killu SringArinchi
emme kADu vachchu nani eduru choochiti
sommulElE virulElE sogasevvaru choochedarE
komma nannElina muvva gOpAluni namma rAdE || |
I decorated my bedroom yearning for my lover.
I awaited in eagerness for his arrival.
Why do I need these ornaments and flowers?
Who will enjoy my beauty.
Oh my dear lady, don't believe this Muvva Gopala.
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inka ninnu bOnittu nA - Mohana - Chapu
| P |
inka ninnu bonittunA ibha rAja varadA || |
Will I allow you to go, Oh Gopala,
one who bestowed boons to the king of elephants. |
| AP |
Suka vANi chEta nee suddu lella vinnaTlAye || |
The voice of the parrot has revealed all your talk. |
| C |
navvulanTa yunnAvEmO nA paddu mee sAri
puvvu bODUla chEta ravva sEyincha mAna
javvana mella nee pAlu chEsi chAla nammi yunnandu
kevvate tO nO kooDi vachchi ipuDu lEdani bonkEvu || |
You may say it is just for fun. Keep your vow at least now.
I'll not keep quiet. I'll ask all the women to reveal it.
I surrendered all my youth to you with implicit faith in you.
You spent time with someone else, but you are lying. |
| C |
pannuga muvva gOpAla bAsa lichchi nannu kooDi
vanne lADi kE lO naina vaga lella vinnAra nEDu || |
Oh Muvva Gopala, you have schemed. You promised to be with me but
I heard of your love to the other attractive lady.
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aluka deerenA - sAranga - chApu
| P |
aluka deerenA nEDaina nee aluka deerenA || |
Are you pacified now? Have you got over your indignant mood?
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| C |
paluku lADu kunTirA muvva gO
pAluDu neevu muddula gumma mee
chakkera bomma mee iddari manasu challa nAyenA
nikka mAnateeyavE nEDu mee nenjili deerenA
makkuva tO nEDaina meeku manchi dina mAyenA
akkaDikkaDa vibhuDu neevu nusu rusu rani yunTire cheliya mee || |
Oh my sweet lady, did Muvva Gopala and you talk lovingly with each
other?
Oh sweet doll, have both of you returned to pleasant mood?
Tell me the truth, is your heart's desire fulfilled?
Did not you and your Lord talk abusing each other? |
| C |
sudati rO yokari kokaru mOmulu choochu konTirA
pedavulAni tiyyani muddu peTTu konTirA
adumu koni kowgiLLa niddaru galsi yunTirA
padari vAniki neeku bOya pagala valenE yunDe nE cheliya mee || |
Oh lady with beautiful teeth, did both of you gaze at each other?
Oh my friend, did he kiss you on the lips ?
Did you both embrace ?
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| C |
balarO nEDaina Eka seyya meeda pavaLinchitirA
mElu mElani iddari valapulu mechchu konTirA
chAla vEDuka tO muvva gOpAluDu neevu kooDitirA
vELa vELala chADi mATalu vinTi ranu konTiri kadavE mee || |
Oh young lady, did both of you sleep on the same bed at least today?
Did both of you meet happily and praise each other's love?
Were you not listening to your Lord talking secretly about others?
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aligite - husEni - tripuTa
| P |
aligitE bhagya mAye marEmi vADalagitE bhAgyamAye || |
Even if Muvva Gopala is annoyed with me, I am happy. |
| AP |
taliru bONirO vAni danDincha galana vA
ara sompu mATa lADE vAnikinE
daruNirO manchi dAna nayyEnA
sarasaku rADAye sakhiyarO nAmOmu
tirigi chooDaDEmO dEvuDunnADu vA || |
Oh my dear lady, am I capable of punishing him?
He doesn't speak wholeheartedly.
Can I ever become his favorite?
Oh my dear friend, he doesn't come closer to see my face.
I just keep my faith in God.
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| C |
bALi lEdika nA pondu
chAlu kAbOlu santOsha mAye
nee lAgune vAni kitavu kAdEmO
neela vEni rO nATi nenarinchuka lEka vA || |
He seems to be fed up with my company.
Oh my lady with black tresses, he is not bothered of my well being.
He is pitiless. |
| C |
bAla prAyamu nADe bhramiyinchi nannu vA
DElina suddu lennennO kalavu
chAla nAtO bAsalu chEsinADE yO
balarO muvva gOpAlu DippuDu vA || |
From my very young age, I am enticed by his pleasing words.
He promised so many things to me.
Oh my young lady, Muvva Gopala is now annoyed with me. |
alAge manchidi - mukhAri - Adi
| P |
alAge manchidi kanimmana vE yoyamma || |
It is alright. Let him do as he pleases. |
| AP |
bAla muvva gOpAluDu pantame sAdhinchenamma || |
Young Muvva Gopala achieved his plans. |
| C |
vinavE vAniki nA chEti viDemainanu gArAdaTa
tana eduru kaTla nilachina kAdaTa
nanu choochina pApamaTa
nA mATanTE sainchaDanTa
tanaku gAni eemEnu dAchi eavri kayyE nammA || |
Listen my lady, he refuses to even take tamboolam (betel leaves) from
my hands.
He hates my presence. He feels that it is a sin to see me.
He even dislikes my talk.
What for is this body, if it is not for him?
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| C |
viri bOni nenunna inTi porigillaina chEra DaTa
arasi nE vachchina dOva naina rADaTa
mari nA vale nunna pratimala naina kanu gonaDaTa
sarasi jAksi ee pApapu janma nevari kaiyye namma || |
Oh my beautiful lady, He doesn't want to even come near my house.
He doesn't even tread the path I walked on.
He refuses to even see idols resembling me.
Oh lotus eyed woman, nobody should be cursed with this kind of sinful
birth as mine.
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| C |
vanita muvva gOpAluDu tanu dA nochchu kunnA DA
ta tana tO nEmi pani yunnadi pommani nAData
yanasinadi kalla lanTa ichchina bAsa lEdanTa
manasu lEni vAni tO nE mATlADi endu kaiyye namma || |
Oh my lady, I heard that Muvva Gopala asked me to go away saying that
he has no business with me.
I heard that he called me a liar and that he never promised to me
anything.
Why should I talk to such a heartless person? |
eelAgaTave buddhi - sAvEri - triputa
| P |
eelAgaTavE buddhi indu bimbAnanA || |
Oh my lady with moon like face, why are you so thoughtless? |
| AP |
nA lO nee lO bEdha mEmE nAtO nAnati ee
vELa muvva gOpAlu nee mElu vAni chEyanA || |
Am I a stranger to you?
If you permit me, I'll make Muvva Gopala favorable to you.
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| C |
viddelu chaduvaka penchina chilukaku
suddulu telupaka sudati rO neevu
addama rAtiri yasurusu ranu konTi
muddu mOmu vADa niddura lEkunnAvu || |
You need not reveal your thoughts to your innocent pet parrot.
Oh lady with beautiful teeth, you were sighing in the middle of
midnight.
Your face is pale due to sleeplessness |
| C |
koDe gubbala paini kongu bacharimpaka
tODi vAri jAkshula tO mATa lADaka
ADi kalaku lOnai ala maTa nondu chu chEDe
Ela chekkita cheyyi chErchu konnavu || |
You are absent minded even to spread apron on your bosom.
You remain silent when you are amidst lotus eyed girlfriends.
You get lost in sorrow and dreams.
Why do you keep your hand on cheek and remain languid. |
| C |
kooDi muvva gOpAlu guNamulu teliyaka
kODigapu mATa lADi kOmalirO vAni bAsi
vADalO nee sari vanitalu navvaga
ADADa bhrama chendi naTlu tiruga vidhamEmO || |
Oh my delicate lady, when you meet Muvva Gopala, you did not get to
know his qualities.
You distanced yourself from him by your taunting talk.
You have become laughing stock amidst your friends.
Why are you wandering in confusion?
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